Mental Health A to Z

Mental Illness A to Z

Depression
Depression is a mood disorder. It causes severe symptoms that affect how one feels, thinks, and handles daily activities. To be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be present for at least two weeks.
Suicide
Suicide is intentional death caused by one’s own . Risk factors include mental illness such as depression, schizophrenia, personality disorders etc. It’s often caused by impulsive acts due to stress. Individuals who have previously attempted suicide are at high risk of future attempts.
Self-harm
Self-harm means causing self-injury and self-poisoning and is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue most often done without suicidal intentions.
Anxiety
Anxiety means a state of uneasiness and apprehension, about future uncertainties. The cause of anxiety is uncertainty, and fear resulting from the anticipation of a threatening event or situation, which is often exaggerated than normal physical and psychological functioning is harmed.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessions means thoughts, or impulses that occur over and over again and feel outside of the person’s control. Individuals with OCD find them disturbing. Obsessions are typically accompanied by intense and uncomfortable feelings such as fear, disgust, doubt, or a feeling that things have to be done in a way that is “just right.” Obsessions are time consuming and harms important activities of the person. This end part determines whether someone has OCD — a psychological disorder — rather than an obsessive personal habit .
Phobias
Phobia is defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation the affected person tries to avoid, generally disproportional to the real danger posed.

Panic attack
A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD is a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of injury or severe psychological trauma, typically involving disturbance of sleep and constant vivid recall of the experience, with dulled responses to others and to the outside world.
Psychosis
Psychosis is a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that has affected people throughout history. People with the disorder may hear voices other people don’t hear. They may believe other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD is any of a range of behavioral disorders occurring primarily in children, including such symptoms as poor concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Personality Disorder
A deeply ingrained and maladaptive pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long-term difficulties in personal relationships or in functioning in society.
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group is bound to a saturated carbon atom. The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol, the predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages
Substance Abuse
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance(drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. The exact cause of substance abuse is impossible to know because there is not just one direct cause.
Alzheimer ’s disease
It is a progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.
Anger (Intermittent explosive disorder )
Intermittent explosive disorder (sometimes abbreviated as IED) is a behavioral disorder characterized by explosive outbursts of anger, often to the point of rage, that are disproportionate to the situation at hand (i.e., impulsive screaming triggered by relatively inconsequential events).
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder, which is often referred to as ASD, is the term used to describe a group of disorders that includes autism, Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder (also known as atypical autism). Autism is the most commonly occurring form of ASD.
Bi-polar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a distinct mental disorder in which a person has symptoms of a medical illness, but the symptoms cannot be fully explained by an actual physical disorder.
Bulimia Nervosa
Is an emotional disorder involving distortion of body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight, in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a complicated disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that can’t be explained by any underlying medical condition. The fatigue may worsen with physical or mental activity, but doesn’t improve with rest
Delirium
Is an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.
Delusions
It is an idiosyncratic belief or impression that is firmly maintained despite being contradicted by what is generally accepted as reality or rational argument, typically a symptom of mental disorder.
Dementia 
It is a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.
Depression
Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in accurate and fluent word reading and spelling. Characteristic features of dyslexia are difficulties in phonological awareness, verbal memory and verbal processing speed.
Dyspraxia

Dyspraxia, is a form of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It is a common disorder affecting fine and/or gross motor coordination in children and adults
Hallucinations

It is a sensory experience of something that does not exist in reality, caused by various physical and mental disorders, or by reaction to certain toxic substances, and usually manifested as visual or auditory images.
Insomnia

Insomnia is a persistent disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep or both, despite the opportunity for adequate sleep. With insomnia, you usually awaken feeling unrefreshed, which takes a toll on your ability to function during the day.
Mania

Mania is an abnormally elated mental state, typically characterized by feelings of euphoria, lack of inhibitions, racing thoughts, diminished need for sleep, talkativeness, risk taking, and irritability. In extreme cases, mania can induce hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms.
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) is a chronic degenerative neuro-immune disease described in medical literature as early as 1935. A child or adult with ME has serious immune and cardiovascular abnormalities, with resulting serious CNS (central nervous system) consequences due to brain injury.
Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by the brain’s inability to control sleep/wakefulness cycles. People with narcolepsy suffer from chronic daytime sleepiness and episodes in which they fall asleep unexpectedly during the day. These “sleep attacks” can occur at any time, during any activity.

Neurosis

Is a functional disorder in which feelings of anxiety, obsessional thoughts, compulsive acts, and physical complaints without objective evidence of disease, in various degrees and patterns, dominate the personality.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) — Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that’s related to changes in seasons —SAD begins and ends at about the same times every year.
Stress

Stress is simply a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our physical or mental equilibrium. In other words, it’s an omnipresent part of life. A stressful event can trigger the “fight-or-flight” response, causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to surge through the body.
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Tourette’s syndrome
a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics and vocalizations and often the compulsive utterance of obscenities.